"The different names of God and what do they mean?"
Each of the many names of God describes a different aspect of His many-faceted character. Here are some of the better known names of God in the Bible:
EL, ELOAH: God "mighty, strong, prominent" (Genesis 7:1; Isaiah 9:6) Etymologically, El appears to mean power, as in "I have the power to harm you"(Genesis 31:29). El is associated with other qualities, such as integrity (Numbers 23:19), jealousy (Deuteronomy 5:9), and compassion (Nehemiah 9:31), but the root idea of might remains.
ELOHIM: God "Creator, Mighty and Strong" (Genesis 17:7; Jeremiah 31:33) The plural form of Eloah, which is accommodating of the doctrine of the Trinity. From the Bible's first sentence, the superlative nature of God's power is evident as God (Elohim) speaks the world into existence (Genesis 1:1).
EL SHADDAI: God Almighty, The Mighty One of Jacob (Genesis 49:24; Psalm 132:2,5) Speaks to God's ultimate power over all.
ADONAI: Lord (Genesis 15:2; Judges 6:15) Used in place of YHWH, which was thought by the Jews to be too sacred to be uttered by sinful men. In the Old Testament, YHWH is more often used in God's dealings with His people, while Adonai is used more when He deals with the Gentiles.
YHWH / YAHWEH: LORD (Deuteronomy 6:4; Daniel 9:14) Strictly speaking, the only proper name for God. Translated in English Bibles LORD (all capitals) to distinguish it from Adonai Lord. The revelation of the name is first given to Moses "I Am who I Am" (Exodus 3:14). This name specifies an immediacy, a presence. Yahweh is present, accessible, near to those who call on Him for deliverance (Psalm 107:13), forgiveness (Psalm 25:11) and guidance (Psalm 31:3).
YAHWEH-JIREH: "The Lord will Provide" (Genesis 22:14) The name memorialized by Abraham when God provided the ram to be sacrificed in place of Isaac.
YAHWEH-RAPHA: "The Lord Who Heals" (Exodus 15:26) "I am Jehovah who heals you" both in body and soul. In body, by preserving from diseases, and by curing them when afflicted with them and in soul, by pardoning their iniquities.
YAHWEH-NISSI: "The Lord Our Banner" (Exodus 17:15), where banner is understood to be a rallying place. This name commemorates the desert victory over the Amalekites in Exodus 17.
YAHWEH-M'KADDESH: "The Lord Who Sanctifies, Makes Holy" (Leviticus 20:8; Ezekiel 37:28) God makes it clear that He alone, not the law, could cleanse His people and make them holy.
YAHWEH-SHALOM: "The Lord Our Peace" (Judges 6:24) The name given by Gideon to the altar he built after the Angel of the Lord assured him he would not die as he thought he would after seeing Him.
YAHWEH-ELOHIM: "LORD God" (Genesis 2:4; Psalm 59:5) Combination of God's unique name YHWH and the generic Lord, signifying that He is the Lord of Lords.
YAHWEH-TSIDKENU: "The Lord Our Righteousness (Jeremiah 33:16) As with YHWH-M'Kaddesh, it is God alone who provides righteousness to man, ultimately in the person of His Son, Jesus Christ, who became sin for us that we might become the Righteousness of God in Him (2 Corinthians 5:21).
YAHWEH-ROHI: "The Lord Our Shepherd" (Psalm 23:1) After David pondered his relationship as a shepherd to his sheep, he realized that was exactly the relationship God had with him, and so he declares Yahweh-Rohi is my Shepherd. I shall not want (Psalm 23:1).
YAHWEH-SHAMMAH: "The Lord is There" (Ezekiel 48:35) The name ascribed to Jerusalem and the Temple there, indicating that the once departed glory of the Lord (Ezekiel 8'11) had returned (Ezekiel 44:1-4).
YAHWEH-SABAOTH: "The Lord of Hosts" (Isaiah 1:24; Psalm 46:7) Hosts means hordes, both of angels and of men. He is Lord of the host of heaven, and of the inhabitants of the earth, of Jews and Gentiles, of rich and poor, master and slave. The name is expressive of the majesty, power, and authority of God and shows that he is able to accomplish what he determines to do.
EL ELYON: "Most High" (Deuteronomy 26:19) Derived from the Hebrew root for "go up" or "ascend," so the implication is of that which is the very highest. El Elyon denotes exaltation and speaks of absolute right to lordship.
EL ROI: "God of Seeing" (Genesis 16:13) The name ascribed to God by Hagar, alone and desperate in the wilderness after being driven out by Sarah (Genesis 16:1-14), when she met the Angel of the Lord and realized she had seen God Himself in a theophany. She realized that El Roi saw her in her distress and testified that He is a God who lives and sees all.
EL-OLAM: "Everlasting God" (Psalm 90:1-3) God's nature is without beginning or end, free from all constraints of time and contains within Himself the very cause of time itself. From everlasting to everlasting, You are God.
EL-GIBHOR: "
Mighty God" (Isaiah 9:6) The name describing the Messiah, Christ Jesus, in this prophetic portion of Isaiah. As a powerful and mighty warrior, the Messiah, the Mighty God, will accomplish the destruction of God's enemies and rule with a rod of iron (Revelation 19:15).
How did the Sephardic Jews ended up In Mexico and America?
When the Roman Legions overran the Jewish nation, much of the Jewish population was sent into exile throughout the Roman Empire. Many were sent to the IBERIAN peninsula. The area became known by the Hebrew word SEPHARD meaning "far away". The JEWS in SPAIN and PORTUGAL became known as SEPHARDIM or SEPHARDI, and those things associated with the SEPHARDIM including names, customs, genealogy and religious rites, became known as SEPHARDIC. Sephardic names were well developed in Aragon by the year 1213. (Note reference 22, below.) Many of the names were of Hebrew derivation. A much lesser number were composed of a first name and a geographic location, many times the result of conversion.
The Jewish nation in Iberia, numbering approximately 750,000 in the year 1492, were banished from Spain by royal decree of Ferdinand and Isabella. (Ferdinand's grandmother was Jewish.) (For a description of the 1492 expulsion as written in 1495, see the link in Section IV, Lore) The Jews of Portugal, were banished by royal decree several years later. Relief from the banishment decrees and restoration of civil rights was promised to those Jews who remained and converted to Catholicism. These converts were called CONVERSOS or MARRANOS (converts or pigs in Spanish) and ANUSIM (forced ones in Hebrew). Some of the Jewish population converted in name only, other converted by choice. All of the Jews, whether those who left the country with their Jewish religious beliefs intact, and those that were converted are described as being SEPHARDIM or being of SEPHARDIC heritage.
Many of the SEPHARDIM left Spain after conversion because life as a "new Christian" or Marrano was not as promised. "Clean Blood" laws were established to deny the "new Christian" the same civil rights as the "old Christian". Many left the Iberian peninsula where some reverted, and others did not. The converted population that remained under the influence of Spanish or Portuguese control or the control of countries heavily influenced by the Catholic Church could not openly revert to Judaism for fear of punishment inflicted by the inquisition. The punishment for reversion or secret adherence varied from humiliation to death by fire. Many Hispanics today practice Jewish customs without knowing the source. Many are still secret Jews.
The Sephardic Jews escape to America in 1492
The history of the Jews in the Americas dates back to Christopher Columbus and his first trip crossing the Atlantic was on 3 August 1492, when he left Spain and eventually "discovered" the New World. Your departure date was also the day when the Catholic Monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon decreed that the Jews of Spain either had to convert to Catholicism, depart the country or face death for defiance of the monarch .
There were at least seven Jews (or crypto-Jews, Marranos, or sincere Jewish converts to Catholicism) who sailed with Columbus on his first voyage including Rodrigo de Triana, who was first to sight land (Columbus later assumed credit for this), Hernan Cortez, Maestre Bernal, who served as the expedition's doctor, and Luis de Torres, the interpreter, who speaks Hebrew and Arabic, which was believed would be useful in the East - their destination. Another Jewish Viceroy Don Luis de Carvajal introduced over 200 families of Jews to America, brought in from Portugal sarpado vessels on their way to New Spain dela settlements.
LUIS DE CARVAJAL FUNDA EL REINO DE LEON (Monterrey La capital De Los Judios)
Luis de Carvajal the Younger was the nephew and designated heir named the first governor of Nuevo Reino de Leon. Possibly the largest tract of land granted by Spain to anyone, (360,000 square leagues) The Lands of the Kingdom of Leon was given by Philip II and was extended from eastern Mexico through the southwestern USA.
(See below map)
When Luis learned that he was a Jew, the impact on him was enormous. A man of culture, literature and the verses he knew how to play the harp and sing, knew several languages and possessed a great spirit, Luis was unable or unwilling to hide their faith. It was around that could convince anyone to observe the "law of Moses"; prayers attributed to him are recited to inquisitors of a century after his subsequent death of the victims. He was arrested, and cells become Inquisitions his cell mate, a monk, to Judaism.
He also changed his name to Joseph Lumbroso: Joseph after the biblical dreamer, since Luis also has inspired dreams and Lumbroso which means the Enlightened One. After his first arrest, torture and imprisonment - knowing that a second arrest meant the game - not to yield. Jose Luis was denounced by a new one. His second arrest was marked with religious pride and perseverance that made its mark even in his executioners. The suicide attempt, hoping to escape the allegation and others under torture. He discussed those sent to convert him eloquence, knowledge and spirit. More info on Luis de Carvajal HERE.
This map shows the nearly 200,000 Spanish Jews who went into exile in Portugal, northern Europe and the entire Mediterranean basin were called Sepharades or Sephardim, based on the Hebrew name for Spain.
This summary of the countries the Jews were expelled from helps trace our ancestry through Europe.
70 Jews defeated in Judea by Romans, Diaspora begins, 100,000 Jewish slaves exported
673 Jews expelled from Spain
855 Jews expelled from Italy
1180 Jews expelled from France
1290 Jews expelled from England
1360 Jews expelled from Hungary
1348 Jews expelled from Germany
1348 the Black Death raged in Germany
1394 Jews expelled from France
1421 Jews expelled from Austria
1445 Jews expelled from Lithuania
1492 Jews expelled from Spain
1497 Jews expelled from Portugal
1687 Jews no longer welcome in Norway
1693 major famine in France
1710 Black Death in Denmark and Sweden
Seymour Liebman, in his seminal book The Jews of New Spain, translated the words of Father Luis Contreras walked to his fate: "He was always such a good Jew and reconciling their understanding, which was very deep and sensitive, with its very inspired Divine determination to defend the Law of Gd - the Mosaic - and to fight for it. I do not doubt that if he had lived before the Incarnation of our Redeemer, would have been a heroic Hebrew and his name would have been so famous in the Bible as are the names of those who died in defense of their rights when necessary. "
LISTS OF SURNAMES WITH USED BY SEPHARDIC JEWS WHEN THEY LANDED IN AMERICA
The names listed on this site have been identified as Sephardic by civil and religious records and creditable authors. These names have been used by Spanish and Portuguese Jews and conversos and many are found today, world wide in Hispanic and Sephardic communities and references. Some names may no longer exist in their old form. While not an expert in patronymics, some names, such as ABRAVANEL are unmistakably of Hebrew origin. Other names, such as IBN YAHIA, appear to be of Arabic origin. Still other names such as CASTRO and FRANCO appear to be of Hispanic origin, the vast majority of these names belonged to Jews at the time of expulsion. Still other names (conversion names or Christian names) were assigned to Jews at conversion, such as DE SEVILLA and SANTA MARIA. Many of these names were the family names of the Christian "sponsors".
Many of the names have been changed in the course of migration from one country to another, such as Pena to Penha. Other names have incorporated a prefix such as D', Da, De, or Do, with the surname, so that D'Avila could be spelled DAVILA. Other names normally found with a prefix, may be listed with or without the prefix. For example, d' ANDRADE, da ANDRADE, de ANDRADE, may be listed as ANDRADE or ANDRADE 'D. The following prefixes may sometime be interchangeable; Aben, Ibn, Aven, Avin and Ben. These prefixes may be found separated or attached to the stem name. It would be prudent to search for names both with and without prefixes.
One should check for variations in spelling. For example, the names Sejas, Cejas, Aceijas, Seixas, Aseixas, Acejas, Acezas, Asexas, Azeixas, and Xexas are considered variants of the same name. It should also be noted that many Sephardim who left the Iberian Peninsula and practiced Judaism, changed their names and used aliases to protect their families who remained in Spain and Portugal.
Some individuals insist that all names ending in ez in Spain and es (meaning son of) elsewhere, denote Sephardic heritage. This is may or may not be the case.
Not all individuals bearing these names may be SEPHARDIM, or of SEPHARDIC origin, nor are they necessarily Jewish or secret Jews. The authors of references from which names were extracted have identified the names as Jewish at one time. No inference is made that Hispanics carrying the names found below are Jewish. We have added a DNA capability to explore the ethnic origin of Anusim/Sephardic/Jewish names. The names on this site are provided only as an aid to genealogical research. Many of the references listed on this site can be obtained through your municipal public library system or through the Inter-library Loan program or purchased from a commercial firm on this site.
SEPHARDIC NAMES SEARCH ENGINE CLICK HERE
re: hhtp://www.sephardim.com
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Como llegaron los Judios Sefarditas a America Latina, Estados Unicos y a Mexico?
Para este enlace en Espanol Oprima Aqui
BUSQUE SU APELLIDO JUDIO SEFARDITA
OPRIMA AQUI
The Scripture does not command Christians to fast. God does not require or demand it of Christians. At the same time, the Bible presents fasting as something that is good, profitable, and beneficial. The book of Acts records believers fasting before they made important decisions (Acts 13:4; 14:23). Fasting and prayer are often linked together (Luke 2:37; 5:33). Too often, the focus of fasting is on the lack of food. Instead, the purpose of fasting should be to take your eyes off the things of this world to focus completely on God. Fasting is a way to demonstrate to God, and to ourselves, that we are serious about our relationship with Him. Fasting helps us gain a new perspective and a renewed reliance upon God.
